Dittha Budhisagar Padhya’s Assignments

This document proves, that Military was used in the past to collect tax from madhesi people.

Dittha Budhisagar Padhya’s Assignments

(Abstract translations)

1. On Magh Badi 2, 1921 (January 1865), the following district administrators were ordered to realize the heavy arrears of revenue that had accumulated between 1908 and 1921 vikrama (A.D. 1851 and 1865) and hand over the documents relating to such collection to Dittha Budhisagar Upadhyaya of the Bandobast Kachahari:-

1. Lt. Colonel Bhim Bikram Singh Thapa Chhetri, Parsa

2. Lt. Colonel Maharman Singh Rajbhandari, Sarlahi.

3. Lt. Colonel Himmat Bahadur Shah, Bara.

4. Lt. Colonel Jitman Singh K.C., Saptari

5. Lt. Surya Pratap Shah, Rautahat.

6. Major-Captain Ujir Singh, Mahottari.

7. Subba Rupan Das, Morang.

8. Colonel Shivashankar Padhya, Morang Kathmahal.

9. Lt. Colonel Bakhtwar Singh Khatri, other Kathmahals.

10. Captain Chandrabir Bista Chhetri, Chauriya Goswara Gola.

11. Captain Prabhuram Thapa Chhetri, Opium Monopoly (Mahal).

12. Lt. Chandrashankar Padhya, other Kathmahals.

A copy of this order was forward to Dittha Buddhisagar Upadhyaya, with instructions to realize arrears of land-tax and other revenues in the seven districts of the eastern Tarai region as well as in Chitwan.

2. Prime Minister Jang Bahadur’s order to revenue and other offices in Bara, Parsa, Rautahat, Sarlahi, Mahotari, Saptari, Morang, and Chitwan, as well as of the Alainchi Kothi in Patna: “We have deputed Dittha Buddhisagar Paddya of the Bandobast Kanchahari to scrutinize records of revenue collections after the Vikrama year 1920 (A.D. 1863). Furnish the appropriate records to him and submit accounts as usual to the Kumarichok.”

The order also provided for the compilation of a schedule of Upariyan Sair duties in consultation with local officials and revenue functions for the purpose of issuing a contract for the collection of such duties.

Maga Badi 3, 1921 (Jaunary 1865)

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 21, PP. 133-35.

3. The following order was sent to Lt. Colonel Meharman Singh Rajbhandari of Sarlahi and Lt. Colonel Surya Pratap Shah of Rautahat on Magh Badi 4, 1921 (Jaunary 1865): “Medini Datta Jha and four other Jimidars have complained that the regulations have been flouted while issuing contracts for the collection of duties on salt and saltpeter (Nimak-Sair), and that they are being compelled to pay up more than what is actually due from them. We have deputed Dittha Buddhisagar Padhya to investigate into these complaints. You are hereby ordered to suspend all collections under the salt and saltpeter contract until these investigations are completed.”

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 21, PP. 131-32.

4. Prime Minister Jang Bahadur’s order to Dittha Buddhisagar Padhya: “The ryots of the seven districts of the eastern Tarai region have come here with complaints that the new tax rates are unduly high. Many ryots are even reported to have migrated to other areas. Your are hereby ordered to investigate the matter. In addition, you are ordered to ascertain the complaints of saltpeter workers (nuniya) and submit a report on how the regulations issued in 1919-20 Vikrama (A.D. 1862-63) have been contravened. Submit reports countersigned by the local district administrators along with recommendations in all these matters.

Magh Badi 4, 1921

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 21, PP. 132-33

Saptari and Mahottari Affairs, 1810-11 AD

Saptari and Mahottari Affairs, A.D. 1810-11

During 1810-11, the government was confronted with serious administrative problems in Saptari and Mahottari districts of the eastern Tarai region. These two districts comprised a single administrative unit at that time.

On Marga Badi 9, 1866 (November 1809), Subba Achal Thapa had been appointed chief of the state-operated Bhangaruwa market in Saptari, (Regmi Research Collection, vol. 40, p. 136). His functions and duties were as follows. (Abstract translations of relevant sections):

1. Procure merchants from India and have them settle at Bhangaruwa.

2. Encourage traders and merchants from the hills and the Tarai to buy and sell commodities at Bhangaruwa at current prices. Do not use force while doing so.

3. Use revenue (from specified sources) to buy commodities at the end of three years, indicating the profit made through the buying and selling of commodities and obtain clearance.

 

4. Collect taxes and other dues from the inhabants of the villages assigned to the Bhangaruwa market at the customary rates. Do not increase the rates and oppress the subjects.

5. While supplying commodities required by the palace from time to time, send a note indicating the actual cost. Do not seek to make any profit on such supplies.

6-7. Reseanable expenses incurred in purchasing commodities from different areas, or in supplying commodities to the palace, as well as in paper, mattresses, lamps, etc. for the establishment, shall be debited.

11. No duties (sair) shall be collected on commodities purchased inside the Kingdom; expenses incurred in packing and transporting commodities on lands and villages not assigned to the market.

14. Administer justice in the market and the lands and villages assigned to it, collect fines, penalties, and escheats, and credit the proceeds to the accounts.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 40, pp. 141-45.

Chaitra Badi 8, 1867

Subba Achal Thapa was warned not to interfere in the collection of revenue from raikar lands in Saptari and Mahottari. The warning added, ”In case revenue delines as a result of your oppressive actions, the loss may be realized from yu, and you may also be punished with fines.”

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 41, p. 11.

Chaitra Badi 8, 1867

Royal order to Subba Achal Thapa:

”A letter sent by Ganga Prasad Giri to Raghav Singh has been referred to us. according to that letter, the ryots of Saptari are fleeting to India, and the country is being ruined, because you have been collecting the following unauthorized levies and payments:

(a) A tax of three rupees from the owner of a draft ox.

(b) Ghee worth five ruees for each buffalo from dairy-farmers.

(c) One maund of oil for each oil-press from oil-men.

(d) Five rupees from each vendor operating with a capital of ten rupees.

 

(e) A levy of 1½ annas on each ryot.

(f) Forced and unpaid labor (begar) on raikar lands.

”We have granted no authority to you to make such collections. Nor have we authorized you to prevent the local inhabitants from procuring goods from India. One the contrary, we had granted you authority only to collect a levy of one anna in each rupee worth goods purchased by Indians beyond a radius of five or six kos from the Bhangaruwa market, and to act according to the regulations in other matters.

”But now it seems that you have collected payments in contravention of the regulations and thus ruined the country, refund all such unauthorized collections, and marke purchase on behalf of this market at current prices.”

The royal order then gave the following instructions to Subba Achal Thapa:

(1) Let those who visit the market for buying and selling goods do so at current prices.

(2) Let ryots who procure salt, gur, etc. from India at their own cost do so.

(3) Supply goods to traders at reasonable prices for purposes of trade.

(4) Do not collect any tax on commodities bought by the local inhabitants for personal consumption. Collect such tax only from those who buy commodities for purposes of trade.

(5) Bring back all the ryots who have fled from your oppression.

(6) The Subba shall dispose of complaints submitted at his Kachahari by any merchant. Do not take over such complaints yourself.

(7) Do not visit the villages to dispose of disputes among merchants. Do so only of complaints are submitted to you. The Subba shall not encroach upon your jurisdiction in this regard.”

The royal order concluded: ”Both the market and the country belong to us. Function in consultation with the Subba in such a manner that revenue is collected and the market too is operated. Do not impress forced and unpaid laborfrom the inhabitants of mal lands. Employ only the market. You shall be held responsible if your oppressive measures ruin the country.”

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 41, pp. 13-14.

 

Chaitra Badi 8, 1867

Royal order to the Subedars, Jamadars, Huddas, and soldiers of the Bhagawati-Dal and Sri-Dal Companies:

”We have appointed Subba Achal Thapa to discharge functions relating to the market of Bhangaruwa in Saptari-Mahottari. We not appoint Subba Jayafar to discharge functions relating to raikar-mal lands. Both of them belong to us. in case any dispute arises between them in the course of the discharge of their functions, do not quarrel with the employees of Subba Jayafar or with the ryots of raikar-mal lands on the plea that you are under the command of Subba Achal Thapa.”

The royal order added: ”We have exempted the inhabitants of raikar lands from forced and unpaid labor obligations. As such, do not create any trouble on such lands. In case the ryots flee because of your actions, so that the country is ruined, and complaints are accordingly submitted to us, and in case you quarrel with Subba Jayafar and his employees, you shall be severely punished. In case any dispute arises between the two Subbas, report the matter to us, and we shall dispense justice after hearing both sides.”

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 41, pp. 14-15).

Chaitra Badi 8, 1867

Royal order to Subba Jayafar and Subba Achal Thapa:

We exempt the ryots of raikar-mal lands in Saptari from forced and unpaid labor obligations. Impress such labor from the inhabitants of birta and jagir lands to transport goods bought for the (Bhangaruwa) market, and those procured for the palace. Any one who impresses forced and unpaid labor from ryots on raikar-mal lands will be punished.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 41, p. 16.

Chaitra Badi 8, 1867

Royal order to the Chaudharis, Kanugoyes, Mokadams, Jethraiyats, ryots, sairdars, mahaldars, Ijaradars, and others of Saptari and Mahottari:

”We have received reports that because unauthorized levies and payments (as described above) have been collected from you in the name of the (Bhangaruwa) market, and forced and unpaid labor has been impressed from the inhabitants of raikar-mal lands, you have gone over to India.

”We have sent orders to Achal Thapa forbidding him to collect such unauthorized levies and payments. Come back and reoocupy your lands with full assurance. In case you suffer from any oppression in the future, represent the matter to us through Subba Jayafar Adhikari, and we shall take appropriate dicisions. Have no doubts on any account.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 41, p. 17.

 

 

Chaitra Badi 8, 1867

Royal order to ryots inhabiting raikar lands in Saptari and Mahottari:

”Any person who vacates his raikar holding and shifts to birta, jagir or other lands shall be under obligation to pay taxes due on the raikar holding vacated by him. we hereby reconfirm the remission of taxes on 2 kathhas for each bigha of cultivated lands as stipulated in the 1850 Vikrama (A.D. 1793) settlement, in addition to ther remissions as stipulated therein.”

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 41, p. 18.

Chaitra Badi 9, 1867

Jayafar was assigned as ijara for the collection of revenue in Saptari and Mahottari for a three year period from Baisakh Badi 1, 1868. He succeeded Raghava Simha.

The ijara entitled Jayafar to appropriate revenues from all available sources in these two districts, with the exception of the following sources:

(1) Emoluments and perquisities of Chaudharis and Kanugoyes.

(2) Chanda-Chiraki tax (collected on Brahman priests from India).

(3) Salami levy from the heads (Mahanta) of monasteries.

(4) Fines, fees, and penalties collected on cases referred to the palace.

(5) Fines and penalties collected on Pachakhat cases.

(6) Treasure-troves.

(7) Levies collected on behalf of the Crown (Raja-Anka).

The ijaradar was also allowed one-sixth of income accruing from escheat property. He was required to supply rhinoceros horn, baby rhinoceros, and bison (gaurigai) horn to the palace. In addition, he was required to meet all expenses on the local administrative and military establishments.

Net payments stipulated by the ijaradars to the government every year were as follows:

Vikram Year Amount

1868 Rs 62,001

1869 Rs 62,501

1870 Rs 63,101

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 41, pp. 31-33.

Chaitra Badi 9, 1867

Royal order to the Chaudharis, Kanugoyes, Mahaldars, Mokadams, Jethraiyats, and ryots of Saptari and Mahottari:

”The districts of Saptari and Mahottari, so far administered by Raghava Simha Khadkha, have now been placed under the authority of Subba Jayafar. All your allotments, rights and privileges, etc. have been reconfirmed. With due assurance, work together with the Subba and make the country populous and prosperous. Persuade all Chaudharis, Mokadams, and ryots who have left the districts to come back and reoccupy their lands, and pay your taxes through the Subba. Represent your grievances, if any, through him, and we shall redress them.”

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 41, p. 33.

Jestha Sudi 5, 1867

Disputes on the question of jurisdiction had arisen between Subba Achal Thapa and Subba Jayafar Adhikari’s predecessor, Raghava Simha Khadka, also. On Jestha Sudi 5, 1867, the following royal order was issued in the name of Subba Achal Thapa:

”Raghava Simha Khadka’s men have complained that revenue from sair duties has declined as a result of the monopoly (ekahatti) granted in the sale and purchase of commodities in the district of Saptari. You are, therefore, ordered to function in such a manner that Raghava Simha Khadka does not incur any loss, and the business of (Bhangaruwa) market too is not obstructed.

”Revenue from the Bhusahat levy has been included in your assignment. Issue a receipt allowing remission for the amount collected from this source to Raghava Simha Khadka.”

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 39, pp. 207-8.

The Fakir Dacoits of Vijayapur

The Fakir Dacoits of Vijayapur

Royal order to Fakirs in the terrotriy of Vijayapur:

 

”We have received reports that you organize bands among yourselves and commit dacoity in the territories of the English, claiming that you have been granted the right to do so by the former Amali. You cannot reside in our territories and commot dacoity in the teeritories of the English. You shall be hold responsible if a quarrel arises with the English as a result. Do not engage in such actions.”

 

Shrawan Badi 5, 1854

RRC, Vol. 25, p. 548.

Supply of Elephants, A.D. 1796

Supply of Elephants, A.D. 1796

Daroga Dayaram Padhya, Damodar Jais, Ranamardan Khawas, Jasya Khawas, Mahadev Padhya, and Bandhu Khawas were ordered to hand over two bull elephants and two cow elephants to Dinanath Padhya. The animals were meant for gifts to British officials in Calcutta.

Aswin Sudi 14, 1853

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 23, p. 57.

Royal order to Amalidars, Sabha, Umras, birtaowners, Chaukidars, Jagat-collectors, etc. in the region west of … and east of Pyuthan: ”Elephants are being brough here from Pyuthan. You are hereby ordered to provide them with fodder, water, and foodgrains in the area under your jurisdiction. Let there be no complaint in this regard.”

Aswin Sudi 14, 1853

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 23, p. 57.

 

III

Royal order to Subba Ranjit kanwar of …

”We need one large tusked elephant and one old…. For our tours and hunting expeditions. Mahouts are being sent here through Darogas. Depute four men from there to escort the animals on the way and arrange for fodder and water.”

Aswin Sudi 14, 1853

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 23, p. 57.

Passport Regulations, A.D.1800

Passport Regulations, A.D.1800

Royal order to the Subba of Makwanpur, and the Umras and Thanedars, and Jagat and Bhansar functionaries of Chitlang, Chisapani, Bhimphedi, Hetauda, Bichhakhori, and Parsa.

”Maintain a constant watch on people, high or low, who come from the South, or go there. We hereby promulgate the following regulations regarding whether or not to let them pass.

1. Permit well-known people of four territories to come here without any obstruction.

2. We shall behead you if you let any person, high or low, leave our territories without a valid passport.

3. Detain any Wakil, messenger (halkara), beggers, mendicants, dancers, jugglers, etc. from foreign territories who arrives there, and report the matter to the passport authority (in Kathmandu). Permit only those who are approved after proper scruinity to pass; do not let others come here.

4. Detain any foreigner who arrives there with urgent communications or information form abroad and obtain his oral statements or documents. Refer the matter to us and take action or ordered.

5. In case any seeks to leave our territories with a forged passport, and the forgery is detected, arrest him, and report the matter to us.

6. Do let let any foreigner enter our territories on the oral or written recommendation sent by the any person of our side from abroad.

7. In case any person has opened up an unauthorized track in the areas under your jurisdiction, make such tracks impassable by planting thorny bushes. Arrest any person who travels through such prohibited tracks, and, if necessary, shoot at him with poinsoned arrows.

8. Permit only genuine traders and peddlers of our territories to pass, but not any peon (sipahi) accompanying them.

Tuesday, Magh Badi 4, 1856. (January 1800).

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 24, pp. 50-52.

The same regulations were promulgated on the same date for the following areas also:-

(1) Sanga, Depcha, Charange, Dolalghat, Dumja, Mulkot, Chainpur, Sailyaghat, Khurkot, pauwa, Sindhuli, Saptari, Mahottari, and Vijayapur.

(2) Khinchet, Devighat, Kalyaritar, Kandrangtar, Chitwan, Belod, Bulcot, Borlang, Arughat, Marsyangdi, and Kali. (3) Betravati, Panchasaya Khola, Listi, Galthe, Irhni, Dolakha, and Lamabagar.

(4) Panauti-Palung region in the south.

(5) Khinchet-Trishuliganga region in the west.

(6) Palanchok, Timal, Pangu, Sangakot, and other areas in the west east

(7) Kuti, Kerung, and the main routes leading to Tibet in the north.

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 24, pp. 52-54.

Royal order to the amalidar, umra, dware, talap-holders, bitalab-holders, mijhar, and villagers of areas adjoining unauthorized tracks in Dumkharka, Chakalkhani, Bihabar, Phulchoki-Lekh, Godavari, Naldum, Hasidol, Budunchuli, Lapse, Tekar, Sisneri, Kharsu-Lekh, Bhainsekhani, Pakani, Amritpani, Palung, Tistung, and Chhatakot-Lekh.

”Close all unauthorized tracks in your area, and do not let any one travel through them. Orders to this effect had been issued previously also. You have obeyed these instructions well, but have permitted the local villagers to use those tracks. In the future, close those tracts. Dig ditches on elopes in such a way that no one can travel through them. On level lands, plant thorny bushes of various (specified) categories along a 1-kos stretch. Erect fences south of checkpoints, and install traps. Arrest any person who tries to pass surreptitiously, and bring him to the palace. If such person cannot be caught, shoot at him with poisoned arrows. Maintain a constant watch, day and night, and arm yourselves through these prohibited tracks, you shall be hebeaded, or your property shall be consfiscated, accordingly to your caste. The inhabitants of villages situated in areas adjoining the prohibited tracks have been granted exemption from the obligation to provide compulsory labor services (Jhara) for other purposes.”

Tuesday, Magh Badi 4, 1856 (January 1800)

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 24, pp. 54-56.

The same order was issued on the same date of the following areas also:-

(1) Kiranchok, Pinda, Gajuri, Malekhu, Kandrang, Jagimara, Kalyanchaur, Chisapani, Kabilaspur, Padrang, Kuringhat, Jyamireghat, Benighat, Parebaghat, Gajurighat, Pipalghat, Adamghat, Mahesh-Dobhan, Jhiltung, Budhasing, Taruka, and Indrayani.

(2) Sangakot, Bhimpokhari, Mandipur, Chapalibas, Udayapur, Morang, Jatanpur, Murkubi, Tadwajor, Mudajor, Bharakha, Tinpatan, and Chaudandi.Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 24, pp. 54-57.

Kulananda Jha

Kulanand Jha is one of the personality of Terai during Shah rule. He seems to have a lot of influence in Power. Towards the end of his life, all his property was confisicated by Nepal rulers, including his house to live.
———————————–
Kulananda Jha A district-level administrative system emerged only after the beginning of Rana rule. During the first part of the nineteeth century, such essential functions in areas other than Kathmandu Valley as defense against external aggression, the maintenance of law and order, and the collection of revenue were the responsibility of military authorities in far-eastern and far-western Nepal. In the hill areas concern; while the other functions mentioned above were discharged by landlords (birtaowner, jagirdars) and ijaradars of various categories.

In the eastern Tarai, civil administration and revenue collection were both usually assigned to revenue farmers or ijaradars. Ijaradars were not salaried officials of the government; their income consisted between what they had stipulated for payment to the government and what they actually collected from the peasantry. The ijara system, at the same time, did not mean a continual bidding for higher payments. There is evidence to believe that at times ijaradars were also appointed in consideration of their capability, experiences and intergrity. Consequently, an individual who possessed these qualities often discharged revenue functions under the ijara system for long periods of time without any break, albeit not in the same field.

Kulananda Jha appears to have been one of such individuals. On available evidence, his career as an ijaradar stretched over to at least 25 years, from the beginning of the Nepal-British war in A.D. 1814 to the end of Bhimsen Thapa’ Prime Ministership in A.D. 1837. Even thereafter, he was granted an ijara for the collection of revenue on jagir lands of Bhimsen Thapa in the eastern Tarai districts, which the government had resumed after Bhimsen Thapa’s death.

Kulananda Jha probably belonged to the small community of Maithili Brahmans in Kathmandu. Another member of this community, Hiralal Jha, also appears to have followed a similar career as an ijaradar. His career will form the subject-matter of another article.

The information tabulated below is admittedly incomplete. There is a gap between Vikrama 1881 and 1883, but one does not now whether it was in Kulananda Jha’s career as an ijaradar or in the documentation. Additional information about Kulananda Jha will be presented in the Regmi Research Series if and when deteched or obtained.

Vikrama

Marga Badi 1, 1871 to Ijara for collection of rents

Kartik Sudi 1872 and taxes on lands under kut

tenure. (42/79)

Aswin Sudi 2, 1872 Three-year ijara for Sera lands

assigned to hattisar in Tokha,

Kathmandu district. (42/82)

1874 Ijara for collection of Kascharai

tax on cattle grazed on both

side of the Trijuga river, as

well as west of the Kosi river.

(42/284)

Poush Badi 4, 1875 One-year ijara for collection of

revenue from miscellaneous commercial

sources in the central hill region.

(42/459-64)

 

Bhadra Badi 2, 1875 One-year ijara for collection of

nirkhi tax in central hill

region. (42/352)

Jestha Badi 4, 1875 One-year ijara for collection of

Kapas bhansar and other duties

in the central hill region.

(42/291)

Magh Badi 11, 1875 One-year ijara for revenue-

collection, civil administration,

etc. in morang district.

(42/.477)

1878 Assigned to scrutiny birta

grants and determine boundaries

in the eastern Tarai region,

(43/374)

1879 Ijara for collection of nirkhi

tax until Shrawan 1879.

(43/346)

1879 Ijara for revenue collection,

civil administration, etc.

in Morang district. (43/339)

1880 Deputed to scrutinize accounts

of revenue collections in Bara,

Parsa and Rautahat. (33/491)

Baisakh Sudi 15, 1884 One-year ijara for revenue

collection and civil administration

in Saptari-Mahottari. (43/213).

Bhadra Sudi 5, 1885 Reconfirmed as do. (43/130, 153)

Chaitra Badi 6, 1885 One-year ijara for operation

of mines in Chepe/Marsyandgi-

Bheri region. (43/192)

1892 Chief administrator, Bara, Parsa,

Rautahat, Saptari-Mahottari.

(45/65, 198-99)

Bhadra Badi, 1894 Ijara for collection of revenue

on jagri lands of Bhimsen Thapa

in Bara, Parsa, Rautahat and

Mahottari. (35/493-94)

Kulananda Jha

            Some information on the career of Kulananda Jha as Ijaradar had been given in Regmi Research Series, Year 12, No. 11, November 1, 1980, pp. 166-68. Additional information is given below:-

On Jestha Sudi 8, 1872, Subba Kulananda Jha was granted the following two one-year ijaras:-

(1) Ijara for revenue collection in Bhadgaun town for Rs 20,001.

(2) Ijara for collection of customs duties in Naurangiya, Sidhmas, Chisapani, Hitaura, and Parsa-Gadhu for Rs 8,701.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 39, pp. 652-53.

On Ashadh Badi 13, 1882, Kulananda Jha was granted a one-year ijara for revenue collection in Saptari and Mahottari districts against a total payment of Rs 76,336.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 34, pp. 96-99.

On Chaitra Sudi 3, 1882, Kulananda Jha was granted an ijara for the collection of the goddhuwa levy in the eastern Tarai districts against a total payment of Rs 41,001.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 34, pp. 153-54.

In Falgun 1884, Kulananda Jha was functioning as Taksari, or Master of the Mint.

Falgun Sudi 10, 1884

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 34, pp. 172-73.

On Shrawan Badi 14, 1880, Subba Kulananda Jha and Kaji Hiralal Jha had taken up on possessory mortgage 900 muris of rice-lands at Jarayotarfrom Ghatananda Padhya Khatiwada of Bungnam for Rs 6,601. Subsequently, arrears of payment to the government fell due to the government. Guhyalaxmi, Subba Kulananda Jha’s wife, and Prithvilala Jha, his son, retained possession of the lands by falsely representing them as guthi. The mortgage-deed was recovered from among the papers of Subba Kulananda Jha. The mortgage was confiscated, and the lands were placed under the control of the Sadar Dafdarkhana.

An order to this effect was issued in the name of Kharidar Bakabir of the Moth Tahabil Office on Aswin Badi 4, 1919 (September 1862).

 

            Subba Kulananda Jha owned a house at Kilagal in Kathmandu. This house too was confiscated by the government. On Jestha Sudi 14, 1934 (May 1877), an order was issued to register the sale of the house to Lt. Dilli Bahadur Thapa Chhetri, who had offered Rs 7,301 for it. He was permittedto demolish the house and builds new one one the site.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 69, pp. 749-56.

Old letter indicating Mahottari Paraganna

This is a letter from Nepal King Girban, written in 1812 AD. This letter confirms the existance of Mahaottari Village (5 KM north of Jaleshwar), Mahottari Parganna (consists of 11 neighbor villages), and Sudiyahi Village (5KM west of Jaleshwar). ————————————————————–
Confirmation Of Land Grant Made During Solar Eclipse

From King Giraban,
To Gopal Jha, son of Tata Jha.

Formally, the King of Makwanpur had granted the mouja of Sudiyahi on Mahottari parganna of Mahottari district, after indicating the boundaries thereof, as Kush Birta during as solar eclipse with the object of propitiate.

Vishnu. Our father (i.e. King Ran Bahadur) has confirmed this grant for propitiating Vishnu. Udaya Singh and Ganapati Padhya had been deputed to measure the lands so that a copper plate might be issued. They have demarcated the boundaries and submitted their report. We hereby issue this royal order on copper plate (confirming the grant) of the lands being utilized so far as well as all revenures accruing therefrom, with the exception of Godduwa, Gadimubarak, Chumawan and Sair. With due loyalty, reclaim the land and promote settlement, and appropriate the prodece, knowing it to be Kush Birta, and enjoy happiness from generation to generation. Wish victory for us and bless us. The Birta owner shall not encroach upon lands nor mentioned in the grant, which shall not be confiscated without any offense being committed. In case you so nit comply with these restrictions, you shall be a sinner in this world. Any person who confiscates land granted by himself or by other shall be reborn as a worm and live in human excretion fro 60,000 years.
Baisakh 1 (Badi 8 ) 1869
(9/223)