Dinanath Upadhyaya January 6, 2008

Dinanath Upadhyaya was the person whom history can’t forget. He has made many ups and down.

———————–

Dinanath Upadhyaya

Dinanath Upadhyaya was an emoloyee of Kahar Simha Basnyat when the latter was appointed Chief administrator of Makwanpur after it was conquerd by the Gorkhalis in 1762. His father, Satydhar Upadhyaya Dahal, had been an employee of the former King of Makwanpur, Hemakarna Sen. The family belonged to Jhangadholi (Sindhuli), which had formed a part of the principality of Makwanpur.

Baburam Acharya, Nepalko Sankshipta Vrittanta, p. 58.

On Bhadra Sudi 12, 1847, Dinanath Upadhyaya and Purnananda Upadhyaya were granted 60 ropanis of rice-fields and homesites in the Bhorletar area of Changu in Kathmandu.

RRC, Vol. 19, p. 477.

In Bhadra 1847, Dinanath Upadhyaya and Purnananda Upadhyaya jointly held an Ijara for revenue collection in Vijayapur (Morang).

RRC, Vol. 19, p. 464.

A company commanded by Captain Jahar Simha was sent to Vijayapur. Since it was on a temporary assignment there, the Ijaradars were orderd to pay its salaries on a monthly basis.

RRC, Vol., 19, p. 466.

Each man of this company was allotted 5 ropanis for use as a homestead in Kathmandu Valley.RRC, Vol. 19, p. 465.

Payments charged on the Ijara revenues of Vijayapur included the following:-

(1) 420 rupees in lieu of 16.8 khets which had been assigned as Jagir to the Purano-Gorakh Company but had later been granted as in lieu of 29.75 khets.

(2) 743 rupees and 8 annas similarly due to the Naya Srinath Company in lieu of 29.75 khets.

(3) 2325 rupees a year to Kaji Jagajit Pande was the shortfall in this cash emoluments, as long as the remained Kaji.

RRC, Vol. 19, pp. 464-68.

In Bhadra 1847, a delegation from Morang district, led by Chaudhari Dayaram, visited Kathmandu with the complaint that the (former), Ijaradars of Vijayapur (Morang), Subba Zorawar Khawas and Subba Indra Simha Khawas, had collected payments in excess of the amount prescribed in the royal order. A sum of 8,000 rupees was accordingly waived.

RRC, Vol. 19, p. 468.

Dinanath Upadhyaya was later appointed Chaudhari of the Simraungarh Parganna of Rautahat. On Aswin Sudi 13, 1851, however, he was removed that post, and the former Chaudharis, namely, Bakhat Chaudhari, Fakira Chaudhari, and Dukhari Chaudhari, were reinstated.

RRC, Vol. 24, pp. 402-3.

Dinanath Upadhyaya and Vrajavilas Upadhyaya had also been appointed as Joint Ijaradar Subbas of Vijayapur (Morang). They were replaced by Subba Zorawar Khawas on Marga Sudi 12, 1851.

RRC, Vol. 24, pp. 508-12.

In the Vikrama year 1853 (A.D. 1796), the mouja of Bhaluwahi in Rautahat was granted to Dinanath Upadhyaya on (inheritale) bekh-bunyad tenure. In the Vikrama yuear 1872 (A.D. 1815), during the Nepal-British war, Dinanath Upadhyaya had the grant endorsed on the reverse side of the document by the British authorities. Because the document was not submitted to the royal palace in

Kathmandu, the mouja was confiscated. In the Vikrama year 1894 (A.D. 1837), Mahidhar Upadhyaya, apparently descendant of Dinanath Upadhyaya, produced the original document (endorsed by the Britrish authorities). The grant was accordingly restored. Sardar Balabhanjan Pande, Chief Administration of Rautahat, was informed of the restoration on Kartik Sudi 7, 1894 (October 1837).

RRC, Vol. 26, p. 704.

Supply of Elephants, A.D. 1796 January 6, 2008

Supply of Elephants, A.D. 1796

Daroga Dayaram Padhya, Damodar Jais, Ranamardan Khawas, Jasya Khawas, Mahadev Padhya, and Bandhu Khawas were ordered to hand over two bull elephants and two cow elephants to Dinanath Padhya. The animals were meant for gifts to British officials in Calcutta.

Aswin Sudi 14, 1853

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 23, p. 57.

Royal order to Amalidars, Sabha, Umras, birtaowners, Chaukidars, Jagat-collectors, etc. in the region west of … and east of Pyuthan: ”Elephants are being brough here from Pyuthan. You are hereby ordered to provide them with fodder, water, and foodgrains in the area under your jurisdiction. Let there be no complaint in this regard.”

Aswin Sudi 14, 1853

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 23, p. 57.

 

III

Royal order to Subba Ranjit kanwar of …

”We need one large tusked elephant and one old…. For our tours and hunting expeditions. Mahouts are being sent here through Darogas. Depute four men from there to escort the animals on the way and arrange for fodder and water.”

Aswin Sudi 14, 1853

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 23, p. 57.

Passport Regulations, A.D.1800 January 6, 2008

Passport Regulations, A.D.1800

Royal order to the Subba of Makwanpur, and the Umras and Thanedars, and Jagat and Bhansar functionaries of Chitlang, Chisapani, Bhimphedi, Hetauda, Bichhakhori, and Parsa.

”Maintain a constant watch on people, high or low, who come from the South, or go there. We hereby promulgate the following regulations regarding whether or not to let them pass.

1. Permit well-known people of four territories to come here without any obstruction.

2. We shall behead you if you let any person, high or low, leave our territories without a valid passport.

3. Detain any Wakil, messenger (halkara), beggers, mendicants, dancers, jugglers, etc. from foreign territories who arrives there, and report the matter to the passport authority (in Kathmandu). Permit only those who are approved after proper scruinity to pass; do not let others come here.

4. Detain any foreigner who arrives there with urgent communications or information form abroad and obtain his oral statements or documents. Refer the matter to us and take action or ordered.

5. In case any seeks to leave our territories with a forged passport, and the forgery is detected, arrest him, and report the matter to us.

6. Do let let any foreigner enter our territories on the oral or written recommendation sent by the any person of our side from abroad.

7. In case any person has opened up an unauthorized track in the areas under your jurisdiction, make such tracks impassable by planting thorny bushes. Arrest any person who travels through such prohibited tracks, and, if necessary, shoot at him with poinsoned arrows.

8. Permit only genuine traders and peddlers of our territories to pass, but not any peon (sipahi) accompanying them.

Tuesday, Magh Badi 4, 1856. (January 1800).

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 24, pp. 50-52.

The same regulations were promulgated on the same date for the following areas also:-

(1) Sanga, Depcha, Charange, Dolalghat, Dumja, Mulkot, Chainpur, Sailyaghat, Khurkot, pauwa, Sindhuli, Saptari, Mahottari, and Vijayapur.

(2) Khinchet, Devighat, Kalyaritar, Kandrangtar, Chitwan, Belod, Bulcot, Borlang, Arughat, Marsyangdi, and Kali. (3) Betravati, Panchasaya Khola, Listi, Galthe, Irhni, Dolakha, and Lamabagar.

(4) Panauti-Palung region in the south.

(5) Khinchet-Trishuliganga region in the west.

(6) Palanchok, Timal, Pangu, Sangakot, and other areas in the west east

(7) Kuti, Kerung, and the main routes leading to Tibet in the north.

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 24, pp. 52-54.

Royal order to the amalidar, umra, dware, talap-holders, bitalab-holders, mijhar, and villagers of areas adjoining unauthorized tracks in Dumkharka, Chakalkhani, Bihabar, Phulchoki-Lekh, Godavari, Naldum, Hasidol, Budunchuli, Lapse, Tekar, Sisneri, Kharsu-Lekh, Bhainsekhani, Pakani, Amritpani, Palung, Tistung, and Chhatakot-Lekh.

”Close all unauthorized tracks in your area, and do not let any one travel through them. Orders to this effect had been issued previously also. You have obeyed these instructions well, but have permitted the local villagers to use those tracks. In the future, close those tracts. Dig ditches on elopes in such a way that no one can travel through them. On level lands, plant thorny bushes of various (specified) categories along a 1-kos stretch. Erect fences south of checkpoints, and install traps. Arrest any person who tries to pass surreptitiously, and bring him to the palace. If such person cannot be caught, shoot at him with poisoned arrows. Maintain a constant watch, day and night, and arm yourselves through these prohibited tracks, you shall be hebeaded, or your property shall be consfiscated, accordingly to your caste. The inhabitants of villages situated in areas adjoining the prohibited tracks have been granted exemption from the obligation to provide compulsory labor services (Jhara) for other purposes.”

Tuesday, Magh Badi 4, 1856 (January 1800)

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 24, pp. 54-56.

The same order was issued on the same date of the following areas also:-

(1) Kiranchok, Pinda, Gajuri, Malekhu, Kandrang, Jagimara, Kalyanchaur, Chisapani, Kabilaspur, Padrang, Kuringhat, Jyamireghat, Benighat, Parebaghat, Gajurighat, Pipalghat, Adamghat, Mahesh-Dobhan, Jhiltung, Budhasing, Taruka, and Indrayani.

(2) Sangakot, Bhimpokhari, Mandipur, Chapalibas, Udayapur, Morang, Jatanpur, Murkubi, Tadwajor, Mudajor, Bharakha, Tinpatan, and Chaudandi.Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 24, pp. 54-57.

Morang Affairs, A.D. 1806 January 6, 2008

Morang Affairs, A.D. 1806

(1) Royal order to Bishnu Padhya and Sardar Gandhya: ”The ryots of Morang have come here with the complaint that Sarup Puri has compiled land-tax-assessment records (jammabandi) in a unjust manner in contravention of the arrangements made in 1850 Vikrama (A.D. 1793), and is forcing us even sell our oxen.

”We have accordingly sent you to Morang to ascertain whether or not these complaints are true, and make arrangements to have land cultivated and taxes collected, thereby serving our interests. We have sent back the complainants to Morang. ascertain whether or not their complaints are true, make appropriate decisions to the satisfaction of the ryots, and have the actual revenue collected. Arrange for the refundment of payments collected unjustly by Sarup Puri, if any. You shall be held liable if you leave the path of justice out of favor toward anyone.”

Falgun Sudi 56, 1862 (February 1806)

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 6, pp. 735-36).

(2) Royal order to Subba Sarup Puri: ”The ryots of Morang district have come here with the complaint that you are unjustly collecting taxes in contravention of the arrangements made in 1850 Vikrama (A.D. 1793). If these complaints are true, and the ryots relinquish their lands as a result, so that the country is ruined, you will be liable to punishment and also to compensate the loss. Understand this, and collect taxes at the rates prescribed in 1850 Vikrama.Falgun Sudi 5, 1862 (February 1806)

Regmi Research Collection, Vol. 6, pp. 736-37.

(3) Royal order to Sahu Ravilal Jani: ”Ryots from Morang district have come to us with the complaint that during the Vikrama year 1861-62 (A.D. 1804-5) Sarup Puri unjustly collected taxes from them in excess of the rates prescribed in the Vikrama year 1850. You are therefore ordered to summon both sides in an Adalat, acertain the truth of the complaint, and obtain a confessional statement. Arrange for the refundment of excess collections, if any. Allow Sarup Puri to collect arrears due for the Vikrama year 1862 in full, let him not collect unauthorized payments, or try to collect in one day what should be collected during a period of two months, thereby compeling the ryots to leave their lands. Arrange for action to be taken in the traditional manner, so that settlements are maintained and revenue collected. Punishment shall be inflicted on any person as a result of whose action ryots may be forced to leave their lands.”

Falgun Sudi 5, 1862 (February 1806)

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 6, pp. 736-37.

After the Sugauli Treaty January 6, 2008

After the Sugauli Treaty

Royal order to Kaji Balanar Singh Kunwar, Sardar Ram Sundar Thapa, Subba Jayanta Khatri and Ram Singh Kunwar.

A treaty has been signed with the British under which territories east of the Mech rice in both the hills and the Tarai have been given away to them. Any person who possesses sources of income in those territories shall recall his agents and hand over such sources to the British authorities. Appropriate arrangements shall be made regarding lands in areas west of the Mechi ricer.

Baisakh Badi 8, 1873

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 36, p. 266.

Two separate notifications issued on Shrawan Badi 6, 1873 for the Kali-Rapti and Rapti-Gandak regions instructed revenue and other officials employed by the government of Nepal to hand over charge to officials of the (East India) Company in accordance with the terms of the (Sugauli) treaty.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 36, p. 299.

Royal order to Subedar Bhimsen Baniya: ”Do not let herds of cows and buffaloes be taken through the gates of the Pauwa fort in Sindhuli, as such a practice will damage the road. However, traders shall be allowed to bring in buffaloes through that road.

”Remove all settlement from the area south of the Mahabharat mountains, north of the Churia hills, west of Kawala and east of Pipaldanda. Close all tracks in that area and let it grow as a forest.

Poush Sudi 3, 1873

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 36, pp. 343-44.

On the same date, people employed in checkposts maintained along the Mahabharat range were ordered to help Subedar Bhimsen Baniya implement the arrangements mentioned above. The order added, ”Close all tracks in the area and render them unusable by planting bamboo, cane and thorny bushes as before.”

Poush Sudi 3, 1873

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 36, pp. 343-44.

Kulananda Jha January 6, 2008

Kulanand Jha is one of the personality of Terai during Shah rule. He seems to have a lot of influence in Power. Towards the end of his life, all his property was confisicated by Nepal rulers, including his house to live.
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Kulananda Jha A district-level administrative system emerged only after the beginning of Rana rule. During the first part of the nineteeth century, such essential functions in areas other than Kathmandu Valley as defense against external aggression, the maintenance of law and order, and the collection of revenue were the responsibility of military authorities in far-eastern and far-western Nepal. In the hill areas concern; while the other functions mentioned above were discharged by landlords (birtaowner, jagirdars) and ijaradars of various categories.

In the eastern Tarai, civil administration and revenue collection were both usually assigned to revenue farmers or ijaradars. Ijaradars were not salaried officials of the government; their income consisted between what they had stipulated for payment to the government and what they actually collected from the peasantry. The ijara system, at the same time, did not mean a continual bidding for higher payments. There is evidence to believe that at times ijaradars were also appointed in consideration of their capability, experiences and intergrity. Consequently, an individual who possessed these qualities often discharged revenue functions under the ijara system for long periods of time without any break, albeit not in the same field.

Kulananda Jha appears to have been one of such individuals. On available evidence, his career as an ijaradar stretched over to at least 25 years, from the beginning of the Nepal-British war in A.D. 1814 to the end of Bhimsen Thapa’ Prime Ministership in A.D. 1837. Even thereafter, he was granted an ijara for the collection of revenue on jagir lands of Bhimsen Thapa in the eastern Tarai districts, which the government had resumed after Bhimsen Thapa’s death.

Kulananda Jha probably belonged to the small community of Maithili Brahmans in Kathmandu. Another member of this community, Hiralal Jha, also appears to have followed a similar career as an ijaradar. His career will form the subject-matter of another article.

The information tabulated below is admittedly incomplete. There is a gap between Vikrama 1881 and 1883, but one does not now whether it was in Kulananda Jha’s career as an ijaradar or in the documentation. Additional information about Kulananda Jha will be presented in the Regmi Research Series if and when deteched or obtained.

Vikrama

Marga Badi 1, 1871 to Ijara for collection of rents

Kartik Sudi 1872 and taxes on lands under kut

tenure. (42/79)

Aswin Sudi 2, 1872 Three-year ijara for Sera lands

assigned to hattisar in Tokha,

Kathmandu district. (42/82)

1874 Ijara for collection of Kascharai

tax on cattle grazed on both

side of the Trijuga river, as

well as west of the Kosi river.

(42/284)

Poush Badi 4, 1875 One-year ijara for collection of

revenue from miscellaneous commercial

sources in the central hill region.

(42/459-64)

 

Bhadra Badi 2, 1875 One-year ijara for collection of

nirkhi tax in central hill

region. (42/352)

Jestha Badi 4, 1875 One-year ijara for collection of

Kapas bhansar and other duties

in the central hill region.

(42/291)

Magh Badi 11, 1875 One-year ijara for revenue-

collection, civil administration,

etc. in morang district.

(42/.477)

1878 Assigned to scrutiny birta

grants and determine boundaries

in the eastern Tarai region,

(43/374)

1879 Ijara for collection of nirkhi

tax until Shrawan 1879.

(43/346)

1879 Ijara for revenue collection,

civil administration, etc.

in Morang district. (43/339)

1880 Deputed to scrutinize accounts

of revenue collections in Bara,

Parsa and Rautahat. (33/491)

Baisakh Sudi 15, 1884 One-year ijara for revenue

collection and civil administration

in Saptari-Mahottari. (43/213).

Bhadra Sudi 5, 1885 Reconfirmed as do. (43/130, 153)

Chaitra Badi 6, 1885 One-year ijara for operation

of mines in Chepe/Marsyandgi-

Bheri region. (43/192)

1892 Chief administrator, Bara, Parsa,

Rautahat, Saptari-Mahottari.

(45/65, 198-99)

Bhadra Badi, 1894 Ijara for collection of revenue

on jagri lands of Bhimsen Thapa

in Bara, Parsa, Rautahat and

Mahottari. (35/493-94)

Kulananda Jha

            Some information on the career of Kulananda Jha as Ijaradar had been given in Regmi Research Series, Year 12, No. 11, November 1, 1980, pp. 166-68. Additional information is given below:-

On Jestha Sudi 8, 1872, Subba Kulananda Jha was granted the following two one-year ijaras:-

(1) Ijara for revenue collection in Bhadgaun town for Rs 20,001.

(2) Ijara for collection of customs duties in Naurangiya, Sidhmas, Chisapani, Hitaura, and Parsa-Gadhu for Rs 8,701.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 39, pp. 652-53.

On Ashadh Badi 13, 1882, Kulananda Jha was granted a one-year ijara for revenue collection in Saptari and Mahottari districts against a total payment of Rs 76,336.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 34, pp. 96-99.

On Chaitra Sudi 3, 1882, Kulananda Jha was granted an ijara for the collection of the goddhuwa levy in the eastern Tarai districts against a total payment of Rs 41,001.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 34, pp. 153-54.

In Falgun 1884, Kulananda Jha was functioning as Taksari, or Master of the Mint.

Falgun Sudi 10, 1884

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 34, pp. 172-73.

On Shrawan Badi 14, 1880, Subba Kulananda Jha and Kaji Hiralal Jha had taken up on possessory mortgage 900 muris of rice-lands at Jarayotarfrom Ghatananda Padhya Khatiwada of Bungnam for Rs 6,601. Subsequently, arrears of payment to the government fell due to the government. Guhyalaxmi, Subba Kulananda Jha’s wife, and Prithvilala Jha, his son, retained possession of the lands by falsely representing them as guthi. The mortgage-deed was recovered from among the papers of Subba Kulananda Jha. The mortgage was confiscated, and the lands were placed under the control of the Sadar Dafdarkhana.

An order to this effect was issued in the name of Kharidar Bakabir of the Moth Tahabil Office on Aswin Badi 4, 1919 (September 1862).

 

            Subba Kulananda Jha owned a house at Kilagal in Kathmandu. This house too was confiscated by the government. On Jestha Sudi 14, 1934 (May 1877), an order was issued to register the sale of the house to Lt. Dilli Bahadur Thapa Chhetri, who had offered Rs 7,301 for it. He was permittedto demolish the house and builds new one one the site.

Regmi Research Collection, vol. 69, pp. 749-56.

Old letter indicating Mahottari Paraganna January 6, 2008

This is a letter from Nepal King Girban, written in 1812 AD. This letter confirms the existance of Mahaottari Village (5 KM north of Jaleshwar), Mahottari Parganna (consists of 11 neighbor villages), and Sudiyahi Village (5KM west of Jaleshwar). ————————————————————–
Confirmation Of Land Grant Made During Solar Eclipse

From King Giraban,
To Gopal Jha, son of Tata Jha.

Formally, the King of Makwanpur had granted the mouja of Sudiyahi on Mahottari parganna of Mahottari district, after indicating the boundaries thereof, as Kush Birta during as solar eclipse with the object of propitiate.

Vishnu. Our father (i.e. King Ran Bahadur) has confirmed this grant for propitiating Vishnu. Udaya Singh and Ganapati Padhya had been deputed to measure the lands so that a copper plate might be issued. They have demarcated the boundaries and submitted their report. We hereby issue this royal order on copper plate (confirming the grant) of the lands being utilized so far as well as all revenures accruing therefrom, with the exception of Godduwa, Gadimubarak, Chumawan and Sair. With due loyalty, reclaim the land and promote settlement, and appropriate the prodece, knowing it to be Kush Birta, and enjoy happiness from generation to generation. Wish victory for us and bless us. The Birta owner shall not encroach upon lands nor mentioned in the grant, which shall not be confiscated without any offense being committed. In case you so nit comply with these restrictions, you shall be a sinner in this world. Any person who confiscates land granted by himself or by other shall be reborn as a worm and live in human excretion fro 60,000 years.
Baisakh 1 (Badi 8 ) 1869
(9/223)

सारी अकल सो गया है !! saari akal so gaya hai July 26, 2007

सारी अकल सो गया है 

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

दिल है कि अब ऊब गया है,
सारी तमन्ना सुख गया है,
चाह्ता क्या है भूल गया है,
जिन्दगी कही खो गया है,
सारी अकल सो गया है

जिने कि अब ऊसुल कहा है,
गर्दिस मे कोइ धूल कहा है,
लाईफ मे कोइ अब जूनुन कहा है,
मन कि अब सकून कहा है,
हर हशी मे अब फूल कहा है

Ram Manohar

July 27, 2007

A complete 360 degree July 2, 2007

I started writing last year in february. It has been almost more than a year. But has been away for long time from blog. What happened ? Where I was ? Why not writing ? Many question, but one answer..  nothing happned, its just time & mood.

 But its has really been a long jouney since then. Back to mine previous company after management studies. And It has been almost a month, that I am re-introduced into corporate world.

Just now I called mine previous PL (Proj Leader), he is busy. Not a new thing. But it remined the old days of programmer. He is busy with ABEND(A bold bug of black Mainframe world) resolution. Seating in cubicle, its appears as if its 360 degree after 2 years.

But will I be contributing to the blog now after ? Ans is : I don’t know. Let see. One thing that I see, I don’t like chitc-chat most, so its very difficult to say, how much time it will take of mine.

The last one year was fantastic in blog, and outside blog. In blog, I started Hindi Poetry, and outside blog I continued writing on general topics, mostly related to Nepalese context, and most of them got publised too.

Lets see…  how soon I will be back again.

दबी जुबांन !! Dabe Juwan November 21, 2006

Few lines

***********************

कल ही तो हम ने खुदखुसी की,
आज फिर से करना है,
पत्ता नहीं कबतक, हम अपना कत्त्ल करेंगे ।।
हे ऊपर बाले, रोज जिंदा करते क्यो हो ।।

जिंदा रहेंगे कैसे, जब हरेक दिन मरना पडं रहा है,
कोइ तो बतायें, जिन्दगी जिने की है या मरने की?

***********************

जिसने कभी दोस्त की एहमियत को नही पेहचाना,
आज ऊसे दोस्तो की सहारा की जरूरत है।।

लोकल कल बहुत सस्ती हो गयी है,
एक कल करके हाल चाल पुछ सकती हो।।

***********************

रोता हू तो अब आंसु नहीं आती
कितने निकले ये आंसु, कहीं कल की जरुरत तो नहीं?

***********************

बूंद बूंद जमा, अब बांध बनके बैठा है,
जमिन ऊतना अब ऊंचा नंही, पैर का अब पत्ता नंही
अब तो हम बस तैरते है, नाओ के सहारे ।।

***********************
दर्द दिलमे होती है ।
लेकिन दिमाग मेहसूस करता क्यो है?

***********************

Basant Panchami , February 06, 2006